Just some of the events that happened every month in Black History!
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February 1, 1902 - Playwright, poet, author Langston Hughes born February 2, 1807 - Congress bans foreign slave trade. February 3, 1956 - Autherine Lucy enrolls as the first African American student at the University of Alabama. February 4, 1913 - Rosa Parks, civil rights pioneer who sparked Montgomery bus boycott, born. February 5, 1934 - Major league home run champion Hank Aaron born. February 6, 1867 - Robert Tanner Jackson becomes first African American to receive a degree in dentistry. February 7, 1883 - Ragtime pianist and composer Hubie Blake born. February 8, 1968 - Three South Carolina State students killed during segregation protest in Orangeburg, S.C. February 9, 1964 - Arthur Ashe, Jr. becomes first African American on U.S. Davis Cup team. February 10, 1989 - Ronald H. Brown is elected chairman of the Democratic National Committee. February 11, 1990 - Nelson Mandela is released from prison after 27 years. February 12, 1909 - NAACP founded in New York City. February 13, 1970 - Joseph L. Searles becomes first Black member of the New York Stock Exchange. February 14, 1879 - B.K. Bruce of Mississippi becomes first African American to preside over U.S. Senate. February 15, 1961 - U.N. sessions are disrupted by U.S. and African nationalists over assassination of Congo Premier Patrice Lumumba. February 16, 1874 - Frederick Douglass elected president of Freedman's Bank and Trust. February 17, 1902 - Marion Anderson, internationally acclaimed opera star, born. February 18, 1931 - Toni Morrison, winner of 1988 Pulitzer Prize for fiction, born. February 19, 1923 - In Moore vs. Dempsey decision, U.S. Supreme Court guarantee due process of law to Blacks in state courts. February 20, 1934 - Four Saints in Three Acts, by Virgil Thompson and Gertrude Stein, premieres as the first Black-performed opera on Broadway. February 21, 1965 - Malcolm X is assassinated in New York. February 22, 1989 - Col. Frederick Gregory was the first African American to command a space shuttle mission. February 23, 1868 - W.E.B. Dubois, scholar, activist and author of the Souls of Black Folk, born. February 24, 1922 - The home of Frederick Douglass made a national shrine. February 25, 1853 - First Black YMCA organized in Washington, D.C. February 26, 1965 - Civil rights activist Jimmie Lee Jackson died after being shot by state police in Marion, Ala. February 27, 1988 - Debi Thomas becomes first Black to win an Olympic medal in figure skating. February 28, 1984 - Michael Jackson wins eight Grammy awards. February 29, 1892 - Sculptor Augusta Savage was born.
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March 1, 1994 - Leonard S. Coleman, Jr. elected president of the National Baseball League. March 2, 1867 - U.S. Congress enacts charter to establish Howard University. March 3, 1865 - Freeman's Bureau established by federal government to aid newly freed slaves. March 4, 1965 - Bill Russell of the Boston Celtics honored as NBA most valuable player for fourth time in five years. March 5, 1770 - Crispus Attucks becomes one of the first casualties of the American Revolution. March 6, 1857 - U.S. Supreme Court issues Dred Scott decision. March 7, 1965 - U.S. Supreme Court upholds key provisions of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. March 8, 1977 - Henry L. Marsh III becomes first African American elected mayor of Richmond, Va. March 9, 1941 - Amistad mutineers freed by U.S. Supreme Court. March 10, 1913 - Harriet Tubman dies. March 11, 1959 - Lorraine Hansberry's "A Raisin In the Sun" opens at Barrymore Theater, New York, the first play by a Black woman to premier on Broadway. March 12, 1932 - Andrew Young, former U.N. ambassador and former mayor of Atlanta, born. March 13, 1773 - Jean Baptiste Pointe Du Sable, black pioneer and explorer, founded Chicago. March 14, 1965 - Montgomery bus boycott ends when municipal bus service is desegregated. March 15, 1988 - Eugene Antonio Marino, first Black archbishop, assigned to Atlanta. March 16, 1846 - Rebecca Cole, second Black female physician in America, born. March 17, 1885 - William F. Cosgrove patents automatic stop plug for gas and oil pipes. 1890 - Charles B. Brooks patents street sweeper. March 18, 1822 - The Phoenix Society, a literary and educational group, founded by Blacks in New York City. March 19, 1971 - Rev. Leon Sullivan elected to board of directors of General Motors. March 20, 1883 - Jan. E. Matzeliger patents shoe-making machine 1912 - Carter Woodson receives doctorate from Harvard University. March 21, 1965 - Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. leads march from Selma to Montgomery, Ala., for voting rights. March 22, 1898 - J.W. Smith patents lawn sprinkler. March 23, 1873 - Slavery abolished in Puerto Rico. March 24, 1837 - Canada gives African American citizens the right to vote. March 25, 1843 - Explorer Jacob Dodson sets out in Search of the Northwest Passage. March 26, 1872 - Thomas J. Martin patents fire extinguisher. 1911 - William H. Lewis becomes U.S. assistant attorney general. March 27, 1930 - Of the 116,000 African Americans in professional positions, more than two-thirds were teachers or ministers. March 28, 1870 - Jonathan S. Wright becomes first Black state Supreme Court justice in South Carolina. March 29, 1898 - W.J. Ballow patents combined hat rack and table. March 30, 1870 - Fifteenth Amendment ratified, guaranteeing voting rights to African Americans March 31, 1988 - Toni Morrison wins Pulitzer Prize for Beloved.
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January 1, 1863 - President Abraham Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation January 2, 1965 - Martin Luther King, Jr. calls for non-violent protests if Alabama Blacks are not allowed to register and vote. January 3, 1624 - William Tucker first African American child born in America. January 4, 1971 - Congressional Black Caucus formed. January 5, 1943 - George Washington Carver, agricultural scientist, died. January 6, 1831 - The World Anti-Slavery Convention opens in London. January 7, 1890 - William B. Purvis patents fountain pen. January 8, 1811 - Charles Deslandes leads slave revolt in Louisiana. January 9, 1866 - Fisk University is founded in Nashville. January 10, 1864 - George Washington Carver, agricultural scientist, born. January 11, 1985 - Reuben V. Anderson, first African American to be appointed to Mississippi Supreme Court. January 12, 1948 - U.S. Supreme Court rules that African Americans have the right to study law at state institutions. January 13, 1990 - L. Douglas Wilder becomes first African American U.S. governor (Virginia) since Reconstruction. 1913 - Delta Sigma Theta Sorority Incorporated becomes the 2nd Black Greek Letter Organization. January 14, 1975 - William T. Coleman named U.S. Scretary of Transportation. January 15, 1908 - Alpha Kappa Alpha, first African American sorority, is founded at Howard University. January 16, 1978 - NASA names Black astronauts: Maj. Frederick D. Gregory, Maj. Guion S. Bluford, and Dr. Ronald McNair. January 17, 1942 - Three-time heavyweight boxing champion Muhammad Ali born. January 18, 1856 - Dr. Daniel Hale Williams, pioneer heart surgeon, born. January 19, 1969 - UCLA renames its social science buildings to honor alumnus Ralph Bunche. January 20, 1977 - Patricia Roberts Harris becomes U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, the first black woman to hold a Cabinet position. January 21, 1936 - Former Congressman Barbara Jordan born. January 22, 1949 - James Robert Gladden becomes first African American certified in orthopedic surgery. January 23, 1891 - Dr. Daniel Hale Williams founds Provident Hospital in Chicago, one of the first schools of nursing for black students in the U. S. January 24, 1865 - Congress passes 13th Amendment which, on ratification, abolished slavery in America. January 25, 1851 - Sojourner Truth addresses the first Black Women's Rights Convention in Akron, Ohio. January 26, 1954 - Dr. Theodore K. Lawless, dermatologist, awarded the Springarn Medal for his research in skin-related diseases. January 27, 1961 - Leontyne Price made her Metropolitan Opera debut. January 28, 1787 - Free Africa Society organized in Philadelphia. January 29, 1926 - Violette Nealy Anderson becomes the first Black woman lawyer to argue a case before the U.S. Supreme Court. January 30, 1979 - Franklin Thomas named president of Ford Foundation. January 31, 1986 - August Wilson's Fences, starring James Earl Jones, opens at Chicago's Goodman Theatre.
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April 1, 1950 - Charles R. Drew, who developed techniques for processing and preserving blood, died. April 2, 1984 - Georgetown coach John Thompson becomes first Black coach to win NCAA basketball tournament. April 3, 1826 - Poet-orator James Madison Bell, author of the Emancipation Day poem "The Day and the War", born. April 4, 1968 - Martin Luther King assassinated. April 5, 1951 - Washington, D.C. Municipal Court of Appeals outlawed segregation in restaurants. April 6, 1909 - Matthew A. Henson reaches the North Pole, 45 minutes before Commandeer Peary. April 7, 1885 - Granville T. Woods patents apparatus for transmission of messages by electricity. April 8, 1974 - Atlanta Braves slugger Hank Aaron hits 715 home run, surpassing Babe Ruth as the game's all-time home-run leader. April 9, 1898 - Paul Robeson, actor, singer, activist, born. April 10, 1947 - Brooklyn Dodger Jackie Robinson becomes first African American to play major league baseball. April 11, 1966 - Emmett Ashford becomes first Black umpire in the major leagues. April 12, 1983 - Harold Washington becomes first African American mayor of Chicago. April 13, 1950 - Historian Carter G. Woodson, author of The Miseducation of the Negro, died. April 14, 1775 - First abolitionist society in U.S. is founded in Philadelphia. April 15, 1964 - Sidney Poitier becomes first Black to win Academy Award for Best Actor for Lilies of the Field. April 16, 1862 - Slavery abolished in the District of Columbia. April 17, 1983 - Alice Walker wins Pulitzer Prize for fiction for The Color Purple. April 18, 1864 - More than 200 Black Union troops massacred by Confederate forces at Ft. Pillow, Tennessee. April 19, 1972 - Stationed in Germany, Major Gen. Frederic E. Davidson becomes first Black to lead an army division. April 20, 1894 - Dr. Lloyd A. Hall, pioneering food chemist, born. April 21, 1966 - Pct. Milton L. Olive III awarded the Medal of Honor posthumously for valor in Vietnam. April 22, 1922 - Jazz bassist and composer Charles Mingus born. April 23, 1895 - Clatonia Joaquin Dorticus patents photographic print wash. April 24, 1944 - United Negro College Fund Incorporated. April 25, 1918 - Ella Fitzgerald, "First Lady of Song", born. April 26, 1888 - Sarah Boone patents ironing board. April 27, 1968 - Vincent Porter becomes first African American certified in plastic surgery. April 28, 1839 - Cinque leads mutiny off the coast of Long Island, NY. April 29, 1899 - Duke Ellington, jazz musician and composer, born. April 30 1952 - Dr. Louis T. Wright honored by American Cancer Society for his contributions to cancer research.
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May 1, 1867 - First four students enter Howard University. May 2, 1920 - Indianapolis ABCs defeat Chicago Giants in first Negro National League Game. May 3, 1964 - Frederick O'Neal becomes first Black president of the Actor's Equity Association. May 4, 1961 - "Freedom Riders" begin protesting segregation of interstate bus travel in the South. May 5, 1988 - Eugene Marino becomes first African American installed as a Roman Catholic archbishop in the U.S. May 6, 1991 - The Smithsonian Institution approves the creation of the National African American Museum. May 7, 1878 - Joseph R. Winters patents first fire escape ladder. May 8, 1983 - Lena Horne awarded the Springarm Medal for distinguished career in the field of entertainment. May 9, 1899 - John Albert Burr patents lawn. May 10, 1950 - Boston Celtics select Chuck Cooper first Black player drafted to play in the NBA. May 11, 1895 - Composer William Grant Still, the first African American to conduct a major American symphony orchestra, born. May 12, 1820 - The New York African Free School population reaches 500. May 13, 1872 - Matilda Arabella Evans, first African American woman to practice medicine in South Carolina, born. May 14, 1888 - Slavery abolished in Brazil. May 15, 1820 - U.S. Congress declares foreign slave trade an act of piracy, punishable by death. May 16, 1927 - William Harry Barnes becomes first African American certified by any American surgical board. May 17, 1954 - U.S. Supreme Court declares segregation in public schools unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education decision. May 18, 1896 - Plessy vs. Ferguson, Supreme Court upholds the doctrine of "separate but equal" education and public accommodations. May 19, 1925 - Malcolm X born Malcolm Little in Omaha, Neb. May 20, 1961 - U.S. Attorney General Robert Kennedy dispatches U.S. Marshals to Montgomery, Ala., to restore order in the "Freedom Rider" disturbance. May 21, 1833 - African Americans enroll for the first time at Oberlin College, Ohio. May 22, 1921 - Shuffle Along, a musical featuring a score by Eubie Blake and Noble Sissle, opens on Broadway. May 23, 1900 - Sgt. William H. Carney becomes the first African American awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for valor at Fort Wagner, S.C., 1863. May 24, 1854 - Lincoln University (Pa.), the first black college, is founded. May 25, 1926 - Jazz trumpeter Miles Davis born. May 26, 1961 - Marvin Cook named ambassador to Niger Republic; first Black envoy named by Kennedy Administration to an African nation. May 27, 1919 - Madame C.J. Walker, cosmetics manufacturer and first Black female millionaire, died. May 28, 1948 - National Party wins Whites-only election in South Africa and begins to institute policy of apartheid. May 29, 1901 - Granville T. Woods patents overhead conducting system for the electric railway. May 30 1965 - Vivian Malone becomes the first African American to graduate from the University of Alabama. May 31, 1870 - Congress passes the first Enforcement Act, providing stiff penalties for those who deprive others of their civil rights.
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June 1, 1968 - Henry Lewis becomes first Black musical director of an American symphony orchestra - the New Jersey Symphony June 2, 1971 - Samuel L. Gravely, Jr. becomes first African American admiral in U.S. Navy. June 3, 1890 - L.H. Jones patents corn harvester. June 4, 1972 - Angela Davis acquitted of all murder and conspiracy charges. June 5, 1987 - Dr. Mae C. Jemison becomes first Black woman astronaut. June 6, 1831 - First annual "People of Color" convention held in Philadelphia. June 7, 1917 - Poetess Gwendolyn Brooks, first African American to win the Pulitzer Prize (Poetry 1950), born. June 8, 1953 - Supreme Court ruling bans discrimination in Washington, D.C. restaurants. June 9, 1995 - Lincoln J. Ragsdale, pioneer fighter pilot of World War II, dies. June 10, 1854 - James Augustine Healy, first African American Roman Catholic bishop is ordained. June 11, 1912 - Joseph H. Dickson patents player piano. June 12, 1963 - Medgar W. Evers, civil rights leader, is assassinated in Jackson, Miss. June 13, 1967 - Thurgood Marshall nominated to the U.S. Supreme Court by President Lyndon Johnson. June 14, 1864 - Congress rules that African American soldiers must receive equal pay. June 15, 1913 - Dr. Effie O'Neal, first Black woman to hold an executive position in the American Medical Association, born. June 16, 1970 - Kenneth A. Gibson elected mayor of Newark, N.J., first African American mayor of a major eastern U.S. city. June 17. 1775 - Minuteman Peter Salem fights in the Battle of Bunker Hill. June 18, 1863 - The 54th Massachusetts Colored Infantry attacks Fort Wagner, S.C. June 19, 1865 - Black in Texas are notified of Emancipation Proclamation, issued in 1863. "Juneteenth," marks the event. June 20, 1953 - Albert W. Dent of Dillard Universality elected president of the National Health Council. June 21, 1945 - Col. Benjamin O. Davis Jr. becomes first African American to command a U.S. Army Air Corps base. June 22, 1897 - William Barry patents the postmarking and canceling. June 23, 1940 - Sprinter Wilma Rudolph, winner of three gold medals at the 1960 Summer Olympics, born. June 24, 1964 - Carl T. Rowan appointed the Director of the United States Information Agency. June 25, 1941 - Franklin D. Roosevelt issues executive order establishing Fair Employment Practice Commission. June 26, 1975 - Samuel Blanton Rosser becomes first African American certified in pediatric surgery. June 27, 1991 - Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall announces his retirement. June 28, 1864 - Fugitive slave laws repealed by Congress. June 29 1886 - Photographer James Van Der Zee born. June 30, 1921 - Charles S. Gilping awarded Springarm Medal for his performance in Eugene O'Neill Emperor Jones.
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July 1, 1889 - Frederick Douglass named U.S. Minister to Haiti. July 2, 1872 - Elijah McCoy patents his first self-lubricating locomotive engine. The quality of his inventions helped coin the phrase "The Real McCoy". July 3, 1688 - The Quakers in Germantown, Pa., make the first formal protest against slavery. July 4, 1900 - Trumpeter Louis "Satchmo" Armstrong, jazz pioneer, born. July 5, 1892 - Andrew J. Beard patents rotary engine. July 6, 1957 - Althea Gibson wins women's singles title at Wimbledon, becoming first African American to win tennis's most prestigious award. July 7, 1948 - Cleveland Indians sign pitcher Leroy "Satchel" Paige. July 8, 1943 - Faye Wattleton, first African American director of Planned Parenthood, born. July 9, 1893 - Dr. Daniel Hale Williams performs first successful open-heart operation. July 10, 1875 - Educator Mary McLeod Bethune, founder of Bethune-Cookman College, born. July 11, 1905 - W.E.B. Dubois and William Monroe Trotter organize the Niagara Movement, which demanded abolition of all race distinctions. July 12, 1949 - Frederick M. Jones patents air-conditioning unit used in food transportation vehicles. July 13, 1965 - Thurgood Marshall becomes first African American appointed U.S. Solicitor General. July 14, 1955 - George Washington Carver Monument, first national park honoring an African American, is dedicated in Joplin, Mo. July 15, 1867 - Maggie Lena Walker, first woman and first African American to become president of a bank. July 16, 1862 - Anti-lynching activist Ida B. Wells Barnett born. July 17, 1953 - Jesse D. Locker appointed U.S. Ambassador to Liberia July 18, 1939 - Saxophonist Coleman Hawkins records "Body and Soul" one of the classics of jazz. July 19, 1925 - Paris debut of Josephine Baker, entertainer, activist and humanitarian. July 20, 1950 - First U.S. victory in Korea won by Black troops of the 24th Infantry Regiment. July 21, 1896 - Mary Church Terrell elected first president of the National Association of Colored Women. July 22, 1939 - Jane M. Bolin of New York City, appointed first African American female judge. July 23, 1778 - More than 700 Blacks participate in Battle of Monmouth (NJ). July 24, 1807 - Shakespearean actor Ira Aldridge, born in New York City. July 25, 1916 - Garrett Morgan, inventor of the gas mask, rescues six people from gas-filled tunnel in Cleveland, Ohio. July 26, 1948 - President Harry S. Truman issues Executive Order 9981, ending segregation in the U.S. armed forces. July 27, 1880 - Alexander P. Ashbourne patents process for refining coconut oil. July 28, 1868 - 14th Amendment granting Blacks full citizenship rights, becomes part of the Constitution. July 29, 1895 - First National Conference of Colored Women Convention is held in Boston. July 30, 1822 - James Varick becomes first bishop of African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church. July 31, 1874 - Patrick Francis Healy inaugurated as president of Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.
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August 1, 1879 - Mary Eliza Mahoney graduates from the New England Hospital for Women and Children, becomming the first black professional nurse in America August 2, 1924 - James Baldwin, author of Go Tell It On The Mountain, The Fire Next Time, and Another Country, born August 3, 1800 - Gabriel Prosser leads slave revolt in Richmond, Va, August 4, 1810 - Abolitionist Robert Purvis born. August 5, 1962 - Nelson Mandela, South African freedom fighter, imprisoned. He was not released until 1990. August 6, 1867 - Actor Ira Aldridge dies and is buried in Lodz, Poland. August 7, 1894 - Joseph Lee patents kneading machine. August 8, 1865 - Polar explorer Matthew Henson born. August 9, 1936 - Jesse Owens wins fourth gold medal at Summer Olympics in Berlin. August 10, 1989 - General Colin Powell is nominated chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, the African American to hold the post. August 11, 1921 - Alex Haley, author of Roots, born. August 12, 1977 - Steven Biko, leader of the Black Consciousness Movement in South Africa, arrested. August 13, 1981 - The Reagan Administration undertakes its review of 30 federal regulations, including rules of civil rights to prevent job discrimination. August 14, 1989 - The North Carolina Black Repertory Company hosts the first National Black Theater Festival in Winston-Salem, NC. August 15, 1888 - Granville T. Woods patents electromechanical brake. August 16, 1922 - Author Louis E. Lomax born. August 17, 1849 - Lawyer-activist Archibald Henry Grimké, who challenged the segregation policies of President Woodrow Wilson, born. August 18, 1859 - Harriet Wilson's Our Nig is first novel publsihed by a black writer. August 19, 1954 - Dr. Ralph J. Bunche namedundersecretary of the United Nations. August 20, 1993 - Dr. David Satcher named director of the Centers for Disease Control. August 21, 1831 - Nat Turner leads slave revolt in Virginia. August 22, 1843 - Henry Highland Garnett calls for a general strike by slaves. August 23, 1926 - Carter Woodson, historian, author, inaugurated Negro History Week and later produced of the Negro History Bulletin. August 24, 1950 - Judge Edith Sampson named first black delegate to the United Nations. August 25, 1908 - National Association of Colored Nurses founded. August 26, 1920 - 19th Amendment to the Constitution ratified, giving women the right to vote. August 27, 1935 - Mary McLeod Bethune founds the National Council of Negro Women. August 28, 1888 - Granville T. Woods patents railway telegraphy. August 29, 1920 - Saxophonist Charlie "Bird" Parker born. August 30, 1983 - Lt. Col. Guion S. Bluford Jr. becomes the first African American astronaut in space. August 31, 1836 - Henry Blair patents cotton planter.
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September 1, 1891 - Halle T.D. Johnson becomes first woman of any race to practice medicine in Alabama. September 2, 1958 - Frederick M. Jones patents control device for internal combustion engine. September 3, 1979 - Robert Maynard editor-publisher of the Oakland (California) Tribune, becoming the first African American to head a daily newspaper. September 4, 1962 - New Orleans Catholic schools integrated. September 5, 1960 - Leopold Sedar Senghor elected president of Senegal. September 6, 1848 - Frederick Douglass elected president of National Black Political Convention in Cleveland, Ohio. September 7, 1954 - Washington, D.C. and Baltimore, Md., public schools integrated. September 8, 1907 - Negro Leagues baseball star Buck Leonard born. September 9, 1968 - Arthur Ashe Jr. wins the first U.S. Open Tennis Championship. September 10, 1855 - John Mercer Langston elected township clerk of Brownhelm, Ohio, becoming first black to hold elective office in the U.S. September 11, 1959 - Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington wins Springarm Medal for his achievements in music. September 12, 1992 - Dr. Mae C. Jemison becomes first African American woman to travel in space. September 13, 1886 - Literary critic Alain Locke, first African American Rhodes Scholar, born. September 14, 1921 - Constance Baker Motley, first African American appointed federal judge, born. September 15, 1963 - Four African American girls killed in Birmingham church bombing. September 16, 1923 - First Catholic seminary for Black priests dedicated in Bay St. Louis, Mississippi. September 17, 1983 - Vanessa Williams becomes first African American woman named Miss America. September 18, 1895 - Booker T. Washington delivers famous Atlanta Exposition speech. September 19, 1893 - Elbert R. Robinson patents electric highway trolley. September 20, 1830 - First National Convention for Free Men agrees to boycott slave-produced goods. September 21, 1815 - General Andrew Jackson honors courage of Black troops who fought in Battle of New Orleans. September 22, 1862 - Emancipation Proclamation announced. September 23, 1863 - Civil and women's rights advocate Mary Church Terrell born. September 24, 1957 - Federal troops enforce court-ordered integration as nine children integrate Central High School in Little Rock, Ark. September 25, 1974 - Barbara Hancock becomes first African American woman named a White House Fellow. September 26, 1962 - Sonny Liston knocks out Floyd Patterson to win heavyweight boxing championship. September 27, 1912 - W.C. Handy publishes "Memphis Blues". September 28, 1895 - National Baptist Convention organized. September 29, 1910 - The National Urban League founded in New York City. September 30, 1962 - Under the protection of federal marshals, James Meredith enrolls as the first African American student at University of Mississippi.
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October 1, 1940 - Charles Drew named supervisor of the "Plasma for Great Britain" project. October 2, 1986 - President Ronald Reagan appoints Edward J. Perkins ambassador to South Africa. October 3, 1956 - Nat King Cole becomes first Black performer to host his own TV show. October 4, 1864 - First Black daily newspaper, The New Orleans Tribune, founded. October 5, 1872 - Booker T. Washington enters Hampton Institute, Virginia. October 6, 1917 - Political activist Fannie Lou Hamer born. October 7, 1934 - Playwright-poet Amiri Baraka (LeRoi Jones), author of Blues People: Negro Music in White America and The Motion of History, born. October 8, 1941 - Rev. Jesse Jackson born in Greenville, South Carolina. October 9, 1888 - O.B. Clare patents Trestle. October 10, 1899 - Isaac R. Johnson patents bicycle frame. October 11, 1887 - Granville T. Woods patents telephone system and apparatus. October 12, 1904 - Physician, author, educator W. Montague Cobb born. October 13, 1579 - Martin de Porres, the first Black saint in the Roman Catholic Church, born. October 14, 1964 - At age 35, Martin Luther King, Jr. becomes youngest man ever to win Nobel Peace Prize. October 15, 1991 - Clarence Thomas confirmed as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, the second African American to serve on the court. October 16, 1995 - Million Man March held in Washington, D.C. October 17, 1888 - Capital Savings Bank of Washington, D.C., first bank for blacks, organized. October 18, 1948 - Playwright Ntozake Shange, author of For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide When the Rainbow is Enuf, is born. October 19, 1943 - Paul Robeson opens in Othello at the Shubert Theater in New York City. The show runs for 296 consecutive performances. October 20, 1898 - The first African American-owned insurance company, North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company, founded. October 21, 1917 - Trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie, pioneer of "bebop" jazz, born. October 22, 1953 - Clarence S. Green becomes first African American certified in neurological surgery. October 23, 1947 - The NAACP petitions the United States on racial conditions in the U.S. October 24, 1980 - U.S. District Judge Patrick Higginbotham rules that Republic National is guilty of discrimination against African Americans and women. October 25, 1992 - Toronto Blue Jays manager Cito Gaston becomes first African American to manage a team to the World Series. October 26, 1911 - Mahalia Jackson gospel singer, born. October 27, 1954 - Benjamin O. Davis Jr. becomes first African American general in U.S. Air Force. October 28, 1981 - Edward M. McIntyre elected first African American mayor of Augusta, Georgia. October 29, 1949 - Alonzo G. Moron becomes first African American president of Hampton Institute, Virginia.. October 30, 1979 - Richard Arrington elected first African American mayor of Birmingham, Alabama. October 31, 1896 - Actress, singer Ethel Waters born.
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November 1, 1991 - Judge Clarence Thomas is formally seated at the 106th associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. November 2, 1954 - Charles C. Diggs elected Michigan's first African American congressman. November 3, 1981 - Thirman L. Milner elected mayor of Hartford, Connecticut, becoming first Black mayor in New England. November 4, 1879 - Thomas Elkins patents refrigeration apparatus. November 5, 1968 - Shirley Chisolm of Brooklyn, N.Y., becomes the first African American woman elected to Congress. November 6, 1901 - James Weldon Johnson and J. Rosamond Johnson compose "Lift Every Voice and Sing", widely regarded as the Black national anthem. November 7, 1989 - L. Douglas Wilder is elected governor of Virginia,, becoming the nation's first Black governor since the Reconstruction. November 8, 1938 - Crystal Bird Faucet is elected state representative in Pennsylvania, becoming the first Black woman to serve in a state legislature. November 9, 1731 - Mathematician, urban planner and inventor Benjamin Banneker born. November 10, 1983 - Wilson Goode elected, becoming Philadelphia's first African American mayor. November 11, 1989 - Civil Rights Memorial is dedicated in Montgomery, Ala. November 12, 1941 - Madame Lillian Evanto founds the National Negro Opera Company. November 13, 1894 - Albert C. Richardson patents casket-lowering device. November 14, 1915 - Booker T. Washington, educator and writer, died. November 15, 1881 - Payton Johnson patents swinging chair. November 16, 1981 - Pam Johnson named publisher of the Ithaca (NY) Journal, becoming the first African American woman to head a daily newspaper. November 17, 1980 - WHHM, the first African American-operated radio station, goes on the air at Howard University. November 18, 1787 - Abolitionist and women's right activist Sojourner Truth born. November 19, 1953 - Roy Campanella named Most Valuable Player in National League Baseball for the second time.. November 20, 1865 - Howard Seminary (later Howard University) founded in Washington, D.C. November 21, 1893 - Granville T. Woods patents electric railway conduit. November 22, 1930 - Elijah Muhammed establishes the Nation of Islam. November 23, 1897 - A.J. Beard patents the "Jenny Coupler", still in use today to connect railroad cars. John L. Love patents pencil sharpener. November 24, 1868 - Pianist Scott Joplin, the "Father of Ragtime", born. November 25, 1975 - Suriname gains independence from the Netherlands. November 26, 1970 - Charles Gordone becomes the first Black playwright to receive the Pulitzer Prize (for No Place to Be Somebody). November 27, 1990 - Charles Johnson awarded National Book Award for fiction for Middle Passage. November 28, 1960 - Novelist Richard Wright dies. November 29, 1908 - Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall born. November 30, 1897 - J.A. Sweeting patents cigarette-rolling device.
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December 1, 1987 - Carrie Saxon Perry begins her term as the mayor of Hartford, Conn., becoming first Black woman mayor of a major U.S. city. December 2, 1884 - Granville T. Woods patents telephone transmitter. December 3, 1847 - Frederick Douglass publishes first issue of North Star. December 4, 1909 - The New York Amsterdam News is founded by James A. Anderson. December 5, 1955 - Martin Luther King, Jr. organizes Birmingham bus boycott, marking the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement. December 6, 1932 Richard B. Spikes patents automatic gearshift. 1936 - Richard Francis Jones becomes first African American certified in urology. December 7, 1941 - Dorie Miller, U.S. Navy, shoots down four Japanese planes during attach on Pearl Harbor. December 8, 1925 - Entertainer Sammy Davis Jr. born. December 9, 1872 - P.B.S. Pinchback of Louisiana becomes first African American governor in U.S. December 10, 1950 - Dr. Ralph J. Bunche becomes first Black awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. December 11, 1938 - Jazz pianist McCoy Tyner born. December 12, 1899 George F. Grant patents golf tree. 1950- Jesse Leroy Brown becomes first African American naval officer to die in combat. 1992 - President Bill Clinton's Cabinet and White House appointments include five Black men and one Black woman. December 13, 1944 - First African American servicewomen sworn into the WAVES. December 14, 1829 - John Mercer Langston, congressman and founder of Howard University Law Department, born. December 15, 1883 - William A. Hinton, first African American on Harvard Medical School faculty and developer of the Hinton test to detect syphilis, born. 1994 - Ruth J. Simmons named president of Smith College. December 16, 1976 - Andrew Young nominated by President Jimmy Carter to be U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations. December 17, 1802 - Teacher and minister Henry Adams born. December 18, 1971 - Rev. Jesse Jackson founds Operation PUSH. December 19, 1875 - Educator Carter G. Woodson, "father of Black history", born. December 20, 1860 - South Carolina secedes from the Union. December 21, 1911 - Baseball legend Josh Gibson born. December 22, 1943 - W.E. B. DuBois becomes the first African American elected to the National Institute of Arts and Letters. December 23, 1869 - Madam C.J. Walker, businesswoman and first African American woman millionaire, born. December 24, 1832 - Charter granted to the Georgia Infirmary, the fist Black hospital. December 25, 1760 - Jupiter Hammon becomes first published Black poet with his poem, "An Evening Thought". December 26, 1894 - Jean Toomer, author of Cane, born. December 27, 1862 - African Methodist Episcopal Zion church founded in New Bern, North Carolina. December 28, 1905 - Earl "Fatha" Hines, "Father of Modern Jazz Piano", born. December 29, 1924 - Author, sportswriter A.S. "Doc" Young born. December 30, 1842 - Congressman Josiah Walls born. December 31, 1930 - Odetta, blues and folk singer, born.
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